Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Transition Binder (2025)
Book 4: Macro-economic Indicators: Canada and Large CMAs

• Section A: Macro-economic Indicators for Housing and Infrastructure: Canada and Large CMAs
  • Housing Outlook
  • Canada
  • Toronto
  • Montréal
  • Vancouver
  • Calgary
  • Ottawa
  • Edmonton

Section A: Macro-economic Indicators for Housing and Infrastructure: Canada and Large CMAs

Housing Outlook

External Pressures

• Volatility in U.S. trade policy and Canada’s response will create significant uncertainty on overall investments and prices.
• Reduced immigration targets will likely lead to lower economic activity but also lower housing prices.

Macroeconomic Effects

• Modest economic growth is expected in 2025, improving in 2026/27.
• Further rate cuts are expected by the central bank in 2025.
• Unemployment rates will rise until mid-2025 and decline in 2026/27.
• Mixed outlook on housing market with slower population growth, economic challenges, and some increase in purchasing power.

Housing Outlook

Jurisdiction	Housing Prices	Housing Starts	Resale Activity	Rental Vacancies
Canada	Prices will grow faster in 2025, slower in 2026/2027.	Expected to slow down, but total starts remain above their 10-year avg.	Expected to improve relative to housing starts but with uneven recovery.	Rental supply will rise, and demand will fall, creating higher vacancies.
British Columbia	Upward price pressures, mostly concentrated in 2025.	Expected to rebound in 2025 after a weaker 2024.	Rebound after declining sales the last 2 years, most prominently in 2025.	Vacancy rates expected to stay historically high in the next few years.
Vancouver	Average prices will increase to new highs by end of 2025.	Expected to rebound in 2025 but may slow in 2026 and beyond.	Rebound from lagged effects of low mortgage rates, mostly in 2025.	More vacancies due to lower immigration and higher inventory.
Praries	Upward pressure expected from competition among buyers.	Modest decline expected in AB areas, growth in SK and MB areas.	Expected to remain active with elevated sales and stronger demand.	Expected to increase in 2025/2026 with higher supply in the future.
Edmonton	Price growth expected but will taper towards 2027.	High level of construction expected but with hesitancy from developers.	Expected to remain active in 2025 following a busy 2024.	Gradual increase with a strong expected growth in rental stock.
Calgary	Higher price growth is forecasted.	New construction expected to moderate slightly after high growth.	Slight increase expected in 2025 after remaining flat in 2023/2024.	Expected to rise in 2025 with supply outstripping slower demand.
Central	Renewed upwards pressure in 2025 but will be mild.	Expected to decline in 2025 for the fourth year in a row.	Expected to increase due to more favourable economic outcomes.	Strong growth expected in supply and decline in temporary residents.
Greater Toronto	Projected to rise slightly in 2025, single digit rise through 2027.	Expected to decline with fewer apartments and lower demand.	Increased sales expected following low sales volume, but growth will be limited.	Vacancy rates to rise due to higher supply and weaker demand.
Eastern	Prices expected to rise in 2025 and stabilize.	Rebound beginning in 2024 expected to continue.	Rebound beginning in 2024 expected to continue.	Slight increase expected in most eastern markets.
Ottawa	Modest price rebound expected to continue since 2024.	Expected to remain stable in 2025 after 2 years of declines.	Resale to continue momentum gained in 2024.	Vacancy rates to rise slightly due to growth in rental stock.
Gatineau	Expected to increase slightly in 2025.	Expected to decrease slightly in 2025 due to infrastructure capacity.	Resale to continue momentum gained in 2024.	Vacancy rates to remain low, but supply will increase.
Montréal	Price growth expected in 2025, slowing down in 2026/2027.	Housing starts expected to increase for a second consecutive year.	Continued growth in 2025, due to increased income, and low interest rates.	Rates to increase, as expected with increasing starts and population.

Sources: Analysis based on review of RBC’s Special Housing Reports, BMO’s Housing Outlooks, and CREA’S Housing Market Forecast for 2025 and 2026, which corroborate CMHC's housing outlook for 2025.

Canada

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	41,288,599	35,151,728
Unemployment Rate	6.3%	7.7%
Average Family Income	$107,000 (2022)	$111,235 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$2,366,372 (2021)	$1,889,103

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Price Index

Social Rental Housing

• In 2022, social rental housing stock was 3.5% of total housing stock. In 2011 it was 3.4%. (Note: excludes SHQ Quebec units).
• In 2022, Canada was below the OECD social rental housing stock avg of 7.1% and ranked 17th on this metric compared to the 33 other OECD countries.

Housing Metrics

Housing Metrics

Metrics	2016	2024	Change
Housing Start	197,916	245,367	19%
Housing Completion	172,882	196,747	12%
Vacancy Rate	3.70%	2.20%	-68%
Home Ownership	69%	68%	-1%
Rental Units	282,516	466,654	39%

Homelessness & Shelter Use

• In 2023, there were 32,660 estimated shelter users experiencing chronic homelessness. This is an increase of 21.6% compared to a 2016 baseline.
• In 2023, Canada's avg shelter occupancy rate of 80.4% decreased compared to an occupancy rate of 91% in 2016.

Infrastructure Investment & Depreciation

Infrastructure Investment & Depreciation

Infrastructure Investment & Depreciation	2016	2023	Change
Investment Private	$2.38 billion	$2.36 billion	-1%
Investment Public	$5.45 billion	$6.22 billion	14%
Depreciation Private	$1.74 billion	$1.96 billion	13%
Depreciation Public	$4.14 billion	$4.67 billion	13%

Infrastructure Stock

• In 2023, infrastructure stock for transport, and fuel and energy increased in both the public and private sectors. Overall, total infrastructure stock grew by 12% from 2016 to 2023.

CAPEX Ownership by order of government

• In 2023, the federal government owned 14% of Canada’s public capital expenditures on infrastructure assets, (PT) governments owned 58%, and local and regional governments owned 29%.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• In 2022, 14% of assets were in very poor or poor state, 21% in fair state, 56% in good or very good state, and 10% in unknown state.

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 11.4% of commuters mainly used public transit (versus 12.6% in 2016). In 2024, the avg commute time was 26.4 min (which is approx. pre-pandemic level).

International comparison

• In 2020, Canada ranked 2nd among G7 countries in total infrastructure investment as a percentage of GDP, behind Japan.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost to replace public infrastructure assets tracked in Canada: $2.76 trillion dollars (2022)

Average Age & Remaining Useful Life

• From 2016 to 2023, the average age and remaining useful life of infrastructure assets in Canada remained constant at 13 years and 59%, respectively.

Climate Damages

• Total major insured losses from climate-related weather events in 2024: $8.5 billion.

GHG Emissions: Transportation & Buildings

• In 2022, transportation emitted 156 Mt of CO2e representing 22% of Canadian emissions. In 2016, transportation emitted 162 Mt also representing 22% of emissions.
• In 2022, the buildings sector emitted just under 89 Mt of CO2e representing 12.5% of emissions. In 2016, buildings emitted 86 Mt representing 11.8% of emissions.

Toronto

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	7,106,379	5,928,040
Unemployment Rate	7.8%	7.7%
Average Family Income	$126,300 (2022)	$127,226 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$473,663 (2021)	$385,934
% Contribution to National GDP	20% (2021)	20%

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Starts and Completions

Housing Starts and Completions

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	5-Year Change (2020 - 25)
Starts	39,027	38,738	41,107	30,462	38,587	41,898	45,109	47,428	44,990	47,303	23%
Completions	34,613	37,132	37,750	27,410	30,841	36,723	28,955	43,139	22,007	32,787	6%

Residential Building Permits Values

Residential Building Permits Values

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	5-Year Change (2019 - 24)
Total Residential	4,283,923	11,201,390	11,136,570	14,602,884	17,388,680	17,517,756	15,618,123	14,862,847	33%
Single Dwelling	2,141,847	3,833,276	3,826,007	4,143,099	5,340,992	5,244,018	4,513,123	4,352,936	14%
Multiple Dwelling	2,142,076	7,368,114	7,310,563	10,459,785	12,047,688	12,273,738	11,105,000	10,509,911	44%

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Units	116,685	123,855	129,547	137,794	144,863	155,568	168,274	183,241	207,925
Vacancy Rate	1.3%	1%	1.1%	1.5%	3.4%	4.6%	1.6%	1.4%	2.5%

Housing Price Index

Note: R² = 0.7557

Municipal Capital Expenditures

• Annual 4-Year Average of the City of Toronto and its regions: $8.93 billion (2024-2027).
• Per capita: $1,441 per CMA resident.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• % of Toronto CMA’s infrastructure condition in 2022:

Condition of Assets

Condition	Percentage
Very Poor	2%
Poor	6%
Fair	19%
Good	28%
Very Good	22%
Unknown	23%

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 22.7% of commuters used public transit, up from 15.6% in 2021 but below 24.4% in 2016. Average commute time in 2024 was 33.3 min, up from 32.2 min in 2022, but below 34.1 min in 2016.

% of National Infrastructure Stock

• % of national public infrastructure owned within Toronto CMA, across tracked asset categories in 2022: 7.57%.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost in 2022 to replace public infrastructure assets tracked within Toronto CMA: $209.2 billion.

Breakdown by Asset Category

Asset Group	Funding
Active Transportation	$5.3 billion
Bridges and tunnels	$14.7 billion
Culture, recreation and sports	$12.4 billion
Potable water	$31.4 billion
Wastewater	$42.8 billion
Stormwater	$40.8 billion
Public transit	$23.7 billion
Roads	$37.3 billion
Solid waste	$0.8 billion

Year of Construction

Montréal

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	4,615,154	4,104,074
Unemployment Rate	6.3%	7.5%
Average Family Income	$103,100 (2022)	$103,883 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$253,901 (2021)	$200,945
% Contribution to National GDP	11% (2021)	11%

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Starts and Completions

Housing Starts and Completions

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	5-Year Change
Starts	17,834	24,756	25,000	25,112	27,274	32,343	24,149	15,235	20,859	13,159	- 52%
Completions	19,047	20,558	21,650	23,024	24,376	23,222	25,740	20,817	24,798	20,056	- 18%

Residential Building Permits Values

Residential Building Permits Values

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	5-Year Change
Total Residential	2,626,504	6,801,313	6,437,322	6,951,016	7,617,093	7,567,948	7,059,832	6,748,866	-5%
Single Dwelling	628,900	1,467,118	1,482,618	1,639,321	2,258,326	2,119,293	1,502,078	1,481,191	0%
Multiple Dwelling	1,997,604	5,334,195	4,954,704	5,311,695	5,358,767	5,448,655	5,557,754	5,267,675	6%

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Units	28,453	32,178	34,198	35,346	40,354	40,708	44,925	45,181	49,502
Vacancy Rate	4.60%	2.90%	2.00%	1.60%	3.30%	3.50%	2.20%	1.90%	2.50%

Housing Price Index

Note: R² = 0.9393

Municipal Capital Expenditures

• Annual 4-Year Average of Montreal’s ten major cities: $3.30 billion (2024-2027).
• Per capita: $1,076 per included resident.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• % of Montreal CMA’s infrastructure condition in 2022:

Condition of Assets

Condition	Percentage
Very Poor	5%
Poor	8%
Fair	24%
Good	27%
Very Good	24%
Unknown	12%

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 21.3% of commuters used Public Transit, up from 16.8% in 2022 and somewhat below 2016 levels (22.4%). Average commute time in 2024 was 29.0 min, up from 27 min in 2021 but below 30.0 min in 2016.

% of National Infrastructure Stock

• % of national public infrastructure owned within Montréal CMA, across tracked asset categories in 2022: 5.04%.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost in 2022 to replace public infrastructure assets tracked within Montreal CMA: $139.3 billion.

Breakdown by Asset Category

Asset Group	Funding
Active Transportation	$6.6 billion
Bridges and tunnels	$2.1 billion
Culture, recreation and sports	$15.4 billion
Potable water	$32.6 billion
Wastewater	$33.7 billion
Stormwater	$12.7 billion
Public transit	$0.01 billion
Roads	$36.0 billion
Solid waste	$0.2 billion

Year of Construction

Vancouver

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	3,108,941	2,463,431
Unemployment Rate	5.9%	5.8%
Average Family Income	$114,300 (2022)	$115,694 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$183,140 (2021)	$138,344
% Contribution to National GDP	8% (2021)	7%

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Starts and Completions

Housing Starts and Completions

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	5-Year Change
Starts	27,914	26,204	23,404	28,141	22,371	26,013	25,983	33,244	23,954	30,648	37%
Completions	18,148	21,806	24,555	22,603	24,039	25,229	21,440	20,797	21,421	20,778	-14%

Residential Building Permits Values

Residential Building Permits Values

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	5-Year Change
Total Residential	2,927,941	7,656,117	7,048,083	7,947,639	8,116,048	9,786,611	8,439,078	8,267,614	17%
Single Dwelling	904,729	1,481,488	1,143,698	1,177,832	1,284,468	1,459,814	1,439,078	1,566,139	37%
Multiple Dwelling	2,023,212	6,174,629	5,904,385	6,769,807	6,831,580	8,326,797	7,000,000	6,701,475	13%

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Units	58,089	59,930	58,849	69,967	77,232	79,782	87,632	93,961	101,610
Vacancy Rate	0.70%	0.90%	1.00%	1.10%	2.60%	1.20%	0.90%	0.90%	1.60%

Housing Price Index

Note: R² = 0.6805

Municipal Capital Expenditures

• Annual 4-Year Average of Vancouver’s ten major cities: $2.47 billion (2024-2027).
• Per capita: $1,104 per included resident.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• % of Vancouver CMA’s infrastructure condition in 2022:

Condition of Assets

Condition	Percentage
Very Poor	5%
Poor	9%
Fair	21%
Good	29%
Very Good	21%
Unknown	15%

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 20.5% of commuters used Public Transit, up from 16.3% in 2022. Avg commute time in 2024 was 30.5 min, up from 27.3 min in 2021 and slightly up from 29.8 min in 2016.

% of National Infrastructure Stock

• % of national public infrastructure owned within Vancouver CMA, across tracked asset categories in 2022: 2.64%.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost in 2022 to replace public infrastructure assets tracked within Vancouver CMA: $72.9 billion.

Breakdown by Asset Category

Asset Group	Funding
Active Transportation	$4.3 billion
Bridges and tunnels	$4.2 billion
Culture, recreation and sports	$10.0 billion
Potable water	$11.8 billion
Wastewater	$13.6 billion
Stormwater	$13.9 billion
Public transit	$0.2 billion
Roads	$14.7 billion
Solid waste	$0.3 billion

Year of Construction

Calgary

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	1,778,881	1,392,609
Unemployment Rate	7.6%	9.3%
Average Family Income	$131,300 (2022)	$162,881 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$115,136 (2021)	$101,118
% Contribution to National GDP	5% (2021)	5%

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Starts and Completions

Housing Starts and Completions

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	5-Year Change
Starts	9,245	11,534	10,971	11,909	9,235	15,017	17,306	19,579	17,007	19,241	108%
Completions	13,239	11,014	9,732	11,134	10,705	10,774	13,641	15,111	13,483	14,936	40%

Residential Building Permits Values

Residential Building Permits Values

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	5-Year Change
Total Residential	1,383,490	3,490,114	3,521,079	3,836,445	4,590,251	4,842,491	5,065,619	5,661,115	61%
Single Dwelling	811,612	1,692,731	1,615,806	1,792,189	2,237,427	2,226,890	2,552,988	2,899,988	79%
Multiple Dwelling	571,878	1,797,383	1,905,273	2,044,256	2,352,824	2,615,601	2,512,631	2,761,127	45%

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Units	18,172	21,753	23,216	25,896	26,520	28,384	29,003	29,373	28,844
Vacancy Rate	6.90%	6.20%	3.90%	3.70%	6.50%	5.10%	2.70%	1.40%	4.80%

Housing Price Index

Note: R² = 0.7504

Municipal Capital Expenditures

• Annual 4-Year Average of Calgary’s cities: $2.07 billion (2024-2027).
• Per capita: $1,515 per included resident.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• % of Calgary CMA’s infrastructure condition in 2022:

Condition of Assets

Condition	Percentage
Very Poor	4%
Poor	5%
Fair	18%
Good	36%
Very Good	34%
Unknown	3%

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 12.3% of commuters used public transit, up from 5.8% in 2022. Avg commute time in 2024 was 25.3 min in 2024, up from 24.3 min in 2021 and down slightly from 26.6 min in 2016.

% of National Infrastructure Stock

• % of national public infrastructure owned within Calgary CMA, across tracked asset categories in 2022: 3.16%.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost in 2022 to replace public infrastructure assets tracked within Calgary CMA: $87.3 billion.

Breakdown by Asset Category

Asset Group	Funding
Active Transportation	$4.3 billion
Bridges and tunnels	$3.4 billion
Culture, recreation and sports	$4.4 billion
Potable water	$19.5 billion
Wastewater	$20.3 billion
Stormwater	$15.2 billion
Public transit	$5.4 billion
Roads	$14.5 billion
Solid waste	$0.3 billion

Year of Construction

Ottawa

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	1,660,269	1,371,576
Unemployment Rate	5.7%	7.0%
Average Family Income	$117,100 (2022)	$121,444 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$98,693 (2021)	$76,579
% Contribution to National GDP	4% (2021)	4%

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Starts and Completions

Housing Starts and Completions

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	5-Year Change
Starts	5,298	7,457	7,539	7,782	9,950	10,221	11,032	9,245	10,743	9,002	-10%
Completions	5,029	5,394	6,845	5,936	7,787	8,635	8,346	9,087	8,280	9,015	16%

Residential Building Permits Values

Residential Building Permits Values

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	5-Year Change
Total Residential	1,057,870	2,578,563	3,066,764	3,334,267	3,674,477	4,052,943	3,610,631	3,138,173	2%
Single Dwelling	564,725	1,163,469	1,217,522	1,223,074	1,574,561	1,489,651	1,102,864	1,056,309	-13%
Multiple Dwelling	493,145	1,415,094	1,849,242	2,111,193	2,099,916	2,563,292	2,507,767	2,081,864	13%

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Units	12,985	127,425	14,092	13,807	14,190	14,101	12,979	14,352	13,822
Vacancy Rate	3.40%	2.20%	1.50%	1.80%	3.40%	2.80%	1.90%	2.00%	2.50%

Housing Price Index

Note: R² = 0.8755

Municipal Capital Expenditures

• Annual 4-Year Average of Ottawa’s cities: $1.50 billion (2024-2027).
• Per capita: $1,121 per included resident.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• % of Ottawa CMA’s infrastructure condition in 2022:

Condition of Assets

Condition	Percentage
Very Poor	3%
Poor	8%
Fair	28%
Good	27%
Very Good	31%
Unknown	4%

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 11.7% of commuters used public transit, up from 8.5% in 2022. Avg commute time in 2024 was 26.1 min, up from 23.6 min in 2021, and down slightly from 27.3 min in 2016.

% of National Infrastructure Stock

• % of national public infrastructure owned within Ottawa CMA, across tracked asset categories in 2022: 2.97%.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost in 2022 to replace public infrastructure assets tracked within Ottawa CMA: $82.1 billion.

Breakdown by Asset Category

Asset Group	Funding
Active Transportation	$2.5 billion
Bridges and tunnels	$4.0 billion
Culture, recreation and sports	$3.0 billion
Potable water	$19.2 billion
Wastewater	$12.1 billion
Stormwater	$14.6 billion
Public transit	$4.2 billion
Roads	$22.2 billion
Solid waste	$0.4 billion

Year of Construction

Edmonton

Statistics

	2024	2016
Population	1,631,614	1,321,441
Unemployment Rate	7.6%	8.5%
Average Family Income	$117,300 (2022)	$141,238 (2015)
GDP at Basic Prices (million)	$93,271 (2021)	$86,839
% Contribution to National GDP	4% (2021)	5%

Investment in Building Construction (% of 2021 GDP)

Housing Starts and Completions

Housing Starts and Completions

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	5-Year Change
Starts	10,036	11,435	10,038	10,720	11,512	12,546	14,586	13,184	14,451	13,062	13%
Completions	15,123	10,753	10,091	10,384	11,363	11,277	11,866	13,976	11,491	13,534	19%

Residential Building Permits Values

Residential Building Permits Values

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	5-Year Change
Total Residential	1,440,114	3,118,125	2,480,973	2,848,041	3,198,004	3,432,864	3,664,651	4,468,194	80%
Single Dwelling	843,109	1,574,801	1,170,572	1,303,872	1,538,762	1,617,559	1,963,508	2,005,336	71%
Multiple Dwelling	597,005	1,543,324	1,310,401	1,544,169	1,659,242	1,815,305	1,701,143	2,462,858	88%

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

Rental Unit count and Rental Vacancy Rate

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Units	15,904	20,258	20,186	21,382	21,778	22,659	23,444	24,647	19,314
Vacancy Rate	7.10%	7.00%	5.30%	4.90%	7.20%	7.30%	4.30%	2.40%	3.10%

Housing Price Index

Note: R² = 0.5763

Municipal Capital Expenditures

• Annual 4-Year Average of Edmonton’s cities: $1.64 billion (2024-2027).
• Per capita: $1,287 per included resident.

Public Infrastructure Condition

• % of Edmonton CMA’s infrastructure condition in 2022:

Condition of Assets

Condition	Percentage
Very Poor	6%
Poor	7%
Fair	22%
Good	29%
Very Good	29%
Unknown	7%

Commuting & Public Transit

• In 2024, 9.6% of commuters used public transit, up from 8.5% in 2022. Avg commute time in 2024 was 25.6 min, up from 23.9 min in 2021, and down slightly from 26.0 in 2016.

% of National Infrastructure Stock

• % of national public infrastructure owned within Edmonton CMA, across tracked asset categories in 2022: 1.28%.

Replacement Value

• Approximate cost in 2022 to replace public infrastructure assets tracked within Edmonton CMA: $35.2 billion.

Breakdown by Asset Category

Asset Group	Funding
Active Transportation	$1.7 billion
Bridges and tunnels	$3.6 billion
Culture, recreation and sports	$3.1 billion
Potable water	$2.9 billion
Wastewater	$1.9 billion
Stormwater	$1.8 billion
Public transit	$3.5 billion
Roads	$16.3 billion
Solid waste	$0.3 billion

Year of Construction